方法论
倒装
介词结构倒装
an apple on the table 桌子上的苹果(从后往前做折返)
多重介词结构倒装:the concept of freedom of the sea from proprietary claims of nations 将海洋从私有状态中解放的声称
介词后只能加名词。
三种形式:
- 一般介词结构:of
- 形容词 + 介词结构:differnet from
- 连词+介词结构:because of
to的“合二为一”:
- 介词结构:a garden to the building
- 不定式表将来:the attempt to heal the world 拯救世界的企图
分词结构倒装
a girl sitting on the chair 一个坐在椅子上的姑娘(现在分词)
a boy interested in politics 一个对政治感兴趣的男孩(过去分词)
宾语倒装
Mother puts into bags the books that are needed by children. 妈妈将孩子所需要的书本装入书包中。(当宾语太长时,往后甩)
scientists dismiss as fanciful the idea of sudden changes in a genetic code. 科学家因为基因编码的突变猜想异想天开而不予理会。
为什么宾语倒装?因为宾语长。
如何判定长?名词后面有修饰。
定语从句 & 同位语从句
an article that is welcome among the academia
the temperature at which the reaction takes place 化学反应发生的温度
a fact that the Earth revolve around the sun 地球围绕太阳转这个事实
定语从句和同位语从句如何区分?看从句中成分是否完整(同位语完整)。
为什么要区分?更好的把握句子的层次。
主语倒装
一夜成名是可能的
It is possible to rocket to fame overnight.
It is possible that a man could rocket to fame overnight.
有It ... 一般是主语倒装
省略
平行结构省略
and, or, not..but..., not only...but also...
他喜欢踢足球和打篮球
省略:He likes playing football and basketball.
完整:He likes playing football and he likes playing basketball.
两大难点:1. 句子变长,内存不足;2. 避免冗余,使用省略。
定语从句省略
Perroult收集和复述的民间故事不只是起源于法国。
省略:The folktales Perroult collected and retold were not solely French in origin.
完整:The folktales that Peeroult collected and retold were not solely French in origin.
如何判定定语从句省略?两个名词连用:(1)第一个名词修饰第二个;(2)如果不修饰,则省略that
无头句省略
当将这个理论应用于政治领域时,这个理论非常有说服力。
省略:When applied to the politic area, this theory works very well.
完整:When this theory is applied to the political area, this theory works very well.
如何处理无头句?我们应直接看逗号后面的内容,找到句子的真正主语,带着主语再回读无头句。